In this study, we analyzed the optical, physical, and chemical properties and spatial distribution of aerosols observed from research vessel and aircraft in 2023 during the Yellow Sea Air Quality (YES-AQ) campaign conducted annually by the National Meteorological Institute of Korea. The analysis of the yellow dust plume showed that the yellow dust originated in Mongolia and the Inner Mongolian Plateau of China on April 8, and began to affect Korea on April 11. According to the observation of the research vessel, the mass concentration of PM10 was observed at a maximum value of 632.0 ㎍/㎥, and the light scattering coefficient of 362.6 Mm-1 and light absorption coefficient of 43.3 Mm-1 were observed to be high. The SAE analysis was 0.8±4.8, indicating a clear influence of coarse particles, and the chemical composition analysis showed a significant increase in the concentration of soil-derived ionic components such as nss-Ca2+ and CO32-. Aircraft observations on April 12 showed that the characteristics of yellow dust were observed at an altitude of about 2 km or less in the Yellow Sea, and the mass concentration of PM10 was 95.8 ㎍/㎥.